000			05712cam a2200745 i 4500
001			on1142940607
003			TZ-ArACH
005			20230920155357.0
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008			200306t20212021njuab e b 001 0 eng d
010			_a 2017300917
015			_aGBC2E7864 _2bnb
016	7		_a020721968 _2Uk
020			_a9780691137421 _q(hardcover)
020			_a0691137420 _q(hardcover)
020			_z9780691189017 _q(e-book)
035			_a(OCoLC)1142940607
040			_aYDX _beng _erda _cTZ-ArACH
049			_aTZAA
050		4	_aU167 _b .K74 2021
100	1		_aKreike, Emmanuel, _d1959- _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aScorched Earth : _benvironmental warfare as a crime against humanity and nature / _cEmmanuel Kreike.
260			_aPrinceton : _bPrinceton University Press, _c2021.
300			_axii, 521 pages : _billustrations, maps ; _c25 cm.
490	1		_aHuman rights and crimes against humanity
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 419-514) and index.
505	0	0	_tIntroduction: Environcide, society and total war -- _tThe dogs of war and the water wolf in Holland: Environcide during the Late 16th-century Dutch revolt -- _tScorched Earth, black legend: Environcide and the early 16th-century Spanish conquest of America -- _tEnvironcide in the Dutch Golden Age: The thirty years war in Brabant, 1621-48 -- _tRaiders and refugees: Environcide, displacement, and disease in 17th-century Eastern North America -- _t(Un)limited war and environcide in the age of reason: the low countries, France and Spain during the war of the Spanish Succession, 1701-14 -- _tTotal war and environcide in the age of reason: the low counties, France and Italy during the war of the Austrian Succession, 1740-48 -- _tA global way of war in the age of reason: Environcide and genocide in 18th-century America, Africa and Asia -- _tRefugees, removals and reservations: Environcide in the American West in the 19th Century -- _tScorched Dutch East Indies: The late 19th-century colonial conquest of Aceh, Indonesia -- _tScorched African Savannas: Colonial conquest and the First World War in early 20th-century Angola and Namibia -- _tConclusion: Environcide as a crime against humanity and nature.
520			_aA global history of environmental warfare and the case for why it should be a crime The environmental infrastructure that sustains human societies has been a target and instrument of war for centuries, resulting in famine and disease, displaced populations, and the devastation of people's livelihoods and ways of life. Scorched Earth traces the history of scorched earth, military inundations, and armies living off the land from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, arguing that the resulting deliberate destruction of the environment-environcide-constitutes total war and is a crime against humanity and nature. In this sweeping global history, Emmanuel Kreike shows how religious war in Europe transformed Holland into a desolate swamp where hunger and the black death ruled. He describes how Spanish conquistadors exploited the irrigation works and expansive agricultural terraces of the Aztecs and Incas, triggering a humanitarian crisis of catastrophic proportions. Kreike demonstrates how environmental warfare has continued unabated into the modern era. His panoramic narrative takes readers from the Thirty Years' War to the wars of France's Sun King, and from the Dutch colonial wars in North America and Indonesia to the Indian Wars of the American West and the early twentieth century colonial conquest of southwestern Africa. Shedding light on the premodern origins and the lasting consequences of total war, Scorched Earth explains why ecocide and genocide are not separate phenomena, and why international law must recognize environmental warfare as a violation of human rights.
650		0	_aWar _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aMilitary history _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aArmed Forces _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aNaval history _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aWar _xHistory _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aMilitary history _xHistory _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aArmed Forces _xHistory _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aNaval history _xHistory _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aMilitary art and science _xHistory _xEnvironmental aspects.
650		0	_aHuman ecology _xHistory.
650		0	_aNatural resources _xManagement _xHistory.
650		0	_aDeforestation.
650		0	_aEnvironmental policy.
650		0	_aGlobal environmental change.
650		6	_aGuerre _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aHistoire militaire _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aForces armees _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aHistoire navale _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aGuerre _xHistoire _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aHistoire militaire _xHistoire _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aHistoire navale _xHistoire _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aArt et science militaires _xHistoire _xAspect de l'environnement.
650		6	_aDeboisement.
650		6	_aEnvironnement _xPolitique gouvernementale.
650		6	_aChangement global (Environnement) _915471
650		7	_aenvironmental policy. _2aat
650		7	_aArmed Forces _xEnvironmental aspects. _2fast
650		7	_aDeforestation. _2fast
650		7	_aEnvironmental policy. _2fast
650		7	_aGlobal environmental change. _2fast
650		7	_aHuman ecology. _2fast
650		7	_aNatural resources _xManagement. _2fast
650		7	_aWar _xEnvironmental aspects. _2fast
655		7	_aHistory. _2fast
830		0	_aHuman rights and crimes against humanity. _910154
942			_2lcc _cBOOK
999			_c6989 _d6989