000			35842cam a2200541Ma 4500
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001			ocn828415768
003			OCoLC
005			20171108164423.0
008			130218r20132012enk b 001 0 eng d
015			_aGBB314964 _2bnb
016	7		_a016279791 _2Uk
020			_a9780199682249 _q(pbk.)
020			_a0199682240 _q(pbk.)
029	1		_aAU@ _b000052024340
029	1		_aNZ1 _b15130928
035			_a(OCoLC)828415768 _z(OCoLC)827777648
040			_aUKMGB _beng _cUKMGB _dOCLCO _dYDXCP _dOCLCA _dEYM _dITJCU _dBDX _dOCLCF _dOCLCQ _dOCLCA _dOCL _dOCLCA _dUV1
049			_aTZAA
050	1	4	_aK3243 _b.U53
082	0	4	_a323.34 _223
100			_aFreeman, Marsha et al (eds)
245	0	4	_aUN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women : a commentary _ba commentary / _cedited by Marsha A. Freeman, Christine Chinkin, Beate Rudolf.
260			_aOxford : _bOxford university Press _c2012
300			_alix, 731 pages. _c25 cm
490	0		_aOxford commentaries on international law
500			_aOriginally published: 2012.
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505	0	0	_aMachine generated contents note: _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTowards a Convention on Elimination of Discrimination against Women -- _gI. _tThe League of Nations -- _gII. _tThe UN Charter -- _gIII. _tThe Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, 1967 -- _gIV. _tThe UN Decade for Women 1975-1985 and the Decade World Conferences -- _gV. _tAdoption of the Convention, 1979 -- _gC. _tStructure of the Convention -- _gI. _tPreamble -- _gII. _tArticles 1 to 5 -- _gIII. _tArticles 6 to 16 -- _gIV. _tArticles 17 to 22 -- _gV. _tArticles 23 to 30 -- _gVI. _tThe Optional Protocol -- _gD. _tIssues of Definition and Interpretation -- _gI. _tThe Committee as Interpretive Body -- _gII. _tDefinitions -- _g1. _tWoman -- _g2. _tGender -- _g3. _tDomestic Implementation -- _gIII. _tCore Concepts -- _g1. _tThe Equality Model -- _g2. _tEquality and Equity -- _gIV. _tWomen's Multiple Identities -- _gV. _tRespect, Protect, Fulfil -- _gE. _tInterpretive Processes and Mechanisms -- _gI. _tGeneral Recommendations -- _gII. _tConcluding Observations -- _gIII. _tIndividual Communications and Inquiry -- _gIV. _tSuggestions, Decisions, and Statements -- _gV. _tStatus of Interpretive Mechanisms as Sources of International Law -- _gVI. _tContributions by NGOs -- _gF. _tInterpreting and Applying Convention Norms: Substantive and Contextual Issues -- _gI. _tThe Convention as a Human Rights Instrument -- _gII. _tRelationship to Other International Instruments -- _gIII. _tThe Convention, Non-derogability, and Customary International Law -- _gIV. _tIntegrating Gender Perspectives into the Human Rights Work of the United Nations -- _gV. _tChallenges Based on Religion and Culture -- _gVI. _tThe Challenges of Globalization -- _gG. _tThe Convention in the Twenty-first Century -- _tPreamble -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Priparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tStructure of the Preamble -- _gII. _tContents of the Preamble Paragraphs -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tBackground -- _gII. _tConcepts of Equality and Discrimination -- _g1. _tFormal Equality -- _g2. _tSubstantive Equality -- _g3. _tTransformative Equality -- _g4. _tEquality of Opportunity -- _g5. _tEquality of Result or Equality of Outcome -- _gIII. _tComparison with Corresponding Articles in Other Human Rights Instruments -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tAnalysis of the Text -- _g1. _tAny Distinction, Exclusion or Restriction Made on the Basis of [Sex]' -- _g2. _t`Sex, Gender and Sexuality' -- _g3. _t`Which has the Effect or Purpose of' -- _g4. _t`Impairing or Nullifying the Recognition, Enjoyment or Exercise by Women' -- _g5. _t`Irrespective of Their Marital Status' -- _g6. _t`On a Basis of Equality of Men and Women' -- _g7. _t`Of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the Political, Economic, Social, Cultural, Civil or any Other Field' -- _gII. _tInterpretation by the Committee -- _g1. _tGeneral Approach -- _g2. _tSex and Gender -- _g3. _tSexuality/Sexual Orientation -- _g4. _tConcepts of Equality -- _ga). _tFormal and Substantive Equality -- _gb). _tDe Jure and De Facto Equality -- _gc). _tDirect and Indirect Discrimination -- _gd). _tEquality of Opportunity/Equality of Outcome or Result -- _ge). _tEquality and Equity -- _g5. _tRelationship between Article 1 and Article 4 -- _g6. _tRights and Freedoms to Which the Convention Applies -- _ga). _tBroader Application: Violence against Women -- _g7. _tIntersectionality -- _gD. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tChapeau -- _g1. _t`States Parties Condemn Discrimination against Women in all its Forms' -- _g2. _t`Agree to Pursue by all Appropriate Means and Without Delay a Policy of Eliminating Discrimination against Women' -- _g3. _t`All Appropriate Means'/'(All) Appropriate Measures' -- _g4. _t`And, to this End, Undertake' -- _gII. _tArticle 2(a) -- _g1. _tDirect Incorporation of the Convention into Domestic Law -- _g2. _tAnd to Ensure, Through Law and Other Appropriate Means, the Practical Realization of this Principle' -- _gIII. _tArticle 2(b) -- _gIV. _tArticle 2(c) -- _gV. _tArticle 2(d) -- _gVI. _tArticle 2(e) -- _gVII. _tArticle 2(f) -- _gVIII. _tArticle 2(g) -- _gD. _tOther Issues of Application -- _gI. _tFederal States/States with Decentralized or Devolved Governance Arrangements -- _gII. _tTerritorial Application of the Convention -- _gIII. _tExtraterritorial Application of the Convention -- _gIV. _tConduct of States Parties as Participants in International Organizations -- _gV. _tRatification of Other Instruments -- _gE. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _t`States Parties Shall Take in All Fields' -- _gII. _t`In Particular in Political, Economic, Social, and Cultural Fields' -- _gIII. _tAll Appropriate Measures' -- _gIV. _t`Including Legislation' -- _gV. _tTo Ensure the Full Development and Advancement of Women' -- _gVI. _t`For the Purpose of Guaranteeing them the Exercise and Enjoyment of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms' -- _gVII. _t`On a Basis of Equality with Men' -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal, Substantive, and Transformative Equality -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tImplementation: Respect, Protect, Promote and Fulfil -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _g3. _tObligation to Promote and Fulfil -- _gF. _tConclusions -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tBackground -- _gII. _tConceptual Framework of Article 4 -- _g1. _tSpecial Measures are Integral to De Facto Equality -- _g2. _tProtecting Maternity is Integral to Development and Sustainability -- _g3. _t`Special' -- _g4. _tMandatory Nature -- _g5. _tFinancing of Special Measures -- _g6. _tTime Scale -- _gIII. _tComparison to Corresponding Articles in Other Human Rights Instruments -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation-Article 4(1) -- _gI. _tPromotional Equality -- _g1. _tAccelerating De Facto Equality -- _g2. _t`Special Measures' -- _g3. _tSpecial Measures Are Not Discriminatory -- _g4. _tSystemization of TSMs in Different Contexts -- _g5. _tTemporary -- _gII. _tIssues of Policy -- _g1. _tMerit -- _g2. _tTarget Beneficiaries -- _g3. _tBurden on Third Parties -- _gIII. _tAreas of Application -- _g1. _tScope of Promotional Special Measures -- _g2. _tIntersectionality -- _gD. _tIssues of Interpretation-Article 4(2) -- _gI. _tMaternity -- _g1. _tProcreation-Biological Difference -- _g2. _tChildrearing -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tThe Place and Function of Article 5 in the Convention -- _gI. _tGender Stereotypes and Fixed Parental Gender Roles -- _g2. _tThe Place of Article 5 in the Convention -- _g3. _tTransformative Equality and Structural Discrimination -- _g4. _tThe Relationship between Article 5 and Discrimination against Women -- _g5. _tEquality, Dignity, and Diversity -- _gII. _tGender Stereotypes and Fixed Parental Gender Roles -- _g1. _tIdeas about the Inferiority or Superiority of either of the Sexes -- _g2. _tGender and Gender Stereotypes -- _g3. _tFixed Parental Gender Roles -- _g4. _tThe Persistence of Gender Stereotypes -- _g5. _tGender Stereotypes and Intersectional Discrimination -- _gIII. _tThe Concept of Culture in the Context of Article 5 -- _gIV. _tRelated Provisions in Other Human Rights Documents -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gI. _tThe Basis for the Article -- _gII. _tDevelopments during the Drafting Process -- _gC. _tThe Committee's Interpretation of Article 5 -- _gI. _tReferences in Committee Documents -- _gII. _tArticle 5 in Relation to the Prohibition of Discrimination against Women -- _g1. _tDirect Discrimination -- _g2. _tIndirect Discrimination -- _g3. _tStructural Discrimination -- _gIII. _tThe Committee's Approach to Culture -- _g1. _tThe Committee's Response to Cultural Essentialism -- _g2. _tCultural Practices and Beliefs under the Scope of Article 5 -- _ga). _tTraditional Harmful Practices and Beliefs -- _gb). _tMachismo -- _gc). _tProtective Maternity Laws -- _gd). _tBreadwinner Models and Sharing Responsibilities within the Family -- _ge). _tGender Stereotyping in Education and the Media -- _g3. _tCulture and Religion Cannot Justify Discrimination against Women -- _gD. _tIssues of Implementation -- _gI. _tThe Nature of the Obligations under Article 5 -- _g1. _tAll Appropriate Measures to Modify Patterns of Conduct and to Ensure Education -- _g2. _tMeasures to Modify Stereotyped Representations of Women in Educational Materials, in Advertising, and in the Media -- _ga). _tThe State Party's Obligation to Change Stereotypes -- _gb). _tThe State Party's Obligation to Intervene in Public Expressions of Gender Stereotypes -- _g3. _tMeasures to Eliminate Structural Discrimination and to Promote the Sharing of Family Responsibilities -- _ga). _tRevealing Structural Discrimination -- _gb). _tAbolishing and Amending Laws and Policies that Sustain Structural Discrimination -- _gc). _tAdopting New Laws and Public Policies -- _g4. _tTemporary Special Measures to Implement Article 5 -- _gII. _tThe Extent of the Obligations -- _g1. _tImmediate or Gradual Implementation -- _g2. _tPublic and Private Life -- _g3. _tJusticiability -- _g4. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tHistorical Context and Main Concepts -- _gII. _tRole of the Convention -- _gIII. _tCEDAW Committee Practice -- _g1. _tConcluding Observations -- _g2. _tGeneral Recommendations -- _g3. _tOptional Protocol -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gI. _tArticle 6 Placement and Brevity -- _gII. _tScope of Subject Matter -- _g1. _tAll Forms of Traffic' -- _g2. _t`Exploitation of Prostitution' -- _g3. _tOther Harms -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _t`All Forms of Traffic' -- _gII. _t`Exploitation of Prostitution' -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal and Substantive Equality -- _gII. _tTransformative Equality -- _gIII. _tDirect and Indirect Discrimination -- _gIV. _tIntersectional Discrimination
505	0	0	_aNote continued: _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligation -- _gI. _tNature of the Obligation -- _g1. _tAll Appropriate Measures' -- _g2. _tImmediate Implementation -- _g3. _tSpecific and Non-specific Obligations -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _ga). _tNo Prosecution of Trafficked Women for Status Offences -- _gb). _tNo Routine Detention of Trafficked Women -- _gc). _tRespect for Established Rights -- _gd). _tTrafficked Women's and Girls' Citizenship and Nationality Rights -- _ge). _tDiscrimination against Prostitutes -- _gf). _tPrompt and Accurate Identification of Trafficked Women -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _ga). _tCriminal Justice Responses to End Impunity -- _gb). _tProtection and Support for Victims -- _gc). _tLegal Assistance, Protection, and Temporary Residence Permits -- _gd). _tSafe and Preferably Voluntary Return and Options for Residency in Appropriate Cases -- _ge). _tSafe, Fair, and Equal Labour Migration Opportunities -- _gf). _tSpecial Protective and Punitive Measures in Conflict Contexts -- _gg). _tSpecial Protection for Girl Victims of Trafficking -- _g3. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _ga). _tAccess to Remedies -- _gb). _tData Collection -- _gc). _tAddressing Demand as a Root Cause of Trafficking -- _gd). _tPromoting Trafficking Awareness in All Sectors of Society -- _ge). _tStructural Remedies to Address the Causes of Trafficking and Exploitation of Prostitution -- _gf). _tBilateral and Multilateral Cooperation -- _gg). _tCooperation with Civil Society in the Design and Implementation of Anti-Trafficking Interventions -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tChapeau -- _g1. _tPolitical and Public Life of the Country -- _gII. _tArticle 7(a) -- _g1. _tPolitical System -- _g2. _tChoice of Electoral System -- _gIII. _tArticle 7(b) -- _g1. _tGovernment Policy -- _g2. _tPublic Office and Public Functions -- _g3. _tWomen in the Military -- _g4. _tPrivatization -- _g5. _tWomen's Access to Traditional Forms of Power -- _g6. _tWomen in Post-conflict Reconstruction -- _gIV. _tArticle 7(c) -- _g1. _tNon-governmental Organizations -- _g2. _tAssociations Concerned with Political and Public Life -- _g3. _tWomen in Political Parties -- _g4. _tWomen in Trade Unions -- _g5. _tFair Representation on Corporate Boards -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal Equality -- _gII. _tSubstantive Equality -- _gIII. _tTransformative Equality Including Elimination of Structural Obstacles and Gender Stereotyping -- _gIV. _tDirect vs Indirect Discrimination -- _gV. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of the Obligations -- _g1. _tAll Appropriate Measures' including the Need for the Application of TSMs -- _ga). _tTypes of TSMs in Political and Public Life -- _g2. _tImmediate vs Gradual Implementation -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _g3. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _gIII. _tJusticiability -- _gIV. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tOpportunity to Represent their Governments at the International Level -- _gII. _tOpportunity to Participate in the Work of International Organizations -- _gIII. _tSpecifications of Article 8 in International Organizations -- _gIV. _tInternational Civil Service -- _gV. _tWomen in Conflict Resolution, Peace-keeping, and Peace-building Missions -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal Equality -- _gII. _tSubstantive Equality -- _gIII. _tTransformative Equality including Elimination of Structural Obstacles and Gender Stereotyping -- _gIV. _tDirect vs Indirect Discrimination -- _gV. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of the Obligations -- _g1. _tAll Appropriate Measures' -- _g2. _tNeed for the Application of TSMs -- _g3. _tImmediate vs Gradual Implementation -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _g3. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _gIII. _tJusticiability -- _gIV. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tArticle 9(1) Equality and Non-discrimination in Respect of Women's Nationality -- _g1. _tEliminating the Concept of Dependent Nationality -- _gII. _tArticle 9(2) Equality with Respect to the Nationality of Children -- _gIII. _tThe Right to a Passport and Article 9 -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal Equality -- _gII. _tSubstantive Equality -- _gIII. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of the Obligations -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect and Protect -- _g2. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _gIII. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tEducation as a Human Right: International and Regional Perspectives -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gI. _tArticle 10(a) -- _gII. _tArticle 10(b) -- _gIII. _tArticle 10(c) -- _gIV. _tArticle 10(f) -- _gV. _tArticle 10(g) -- _gVI. _tArticle 10(h) -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tTaking All Appropriate Measures -- _gII. _tEquality -- _g1. _tArticle 10(a) -- _g2. _tArticle 10(b) -- _g3. _tArticle 10(c) -- _ga). _tEncouraging Coeducation -- _g4. _tArticle 10(d) -- _g5. _tArticle 10(e) -- _g6. _tArticle 10(f) -- _g7. _tArticle 10(g) -- _g8. _tArticle 10(h) -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal Equality -- _gII. _tMoving Beyond Formal Equality -- _gIII. _tSubstantive Equality -- _gIV. _tTransformative Equality -- _gV. _tDirect Discrimination -- _gVI. _tIndirect Discrimination -- _gVII. _tTemporary Special Measures (TSMs) -- _gVIII. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tThe Nature of State Obligations -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _g3. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _gIII. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tILO and Other UN Agencies -- _gII. _tBeijing Platform for Action -- _gIII. _tMillennium Development Goals -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gI. _tDiffering Perspectives in Western, Socialist, and Developing Economies -- _gII. _tReproductive Function -- _gIII. _tFamily Responsibilities -- _gIV. _tCosts of Maternity Protections and Social Services -- _gV. _tPensionable Age and Part-time Work -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tConcepts -- _gII. _tArticle 11(1) -- _gIII. _tArticle 11(1)(a) -- _g1. _tInalienability and Cultural Restrictions on Women's Right to Work -- _g2. _tRealization of Full Employment -- _g3. _tAvailability and Accessibility of Decent Work -- _gIV. _tArticle 11(1)(b) -- _g1. _tEmployment Opportunities -- _g2. _tSelection for Employment -- _gV. _tArticle 11(1)(c) -- _g1. _tFree Choice of Profession and Employment -- _g2. _tEqual Treatment in Employment Conditions -- _g3. _tSexual Harassment -- _g4. _tVocational Training, Retraining, and Recurrent Training -- _g5. _tPart-time Work -- _gVI. _tArticle 11(1)(d) -- _gVII. _tArticle 11(1)(e) -- _g1. _tCoverage of Social Security Schemes -- _g2. _tRetirement -- _g3. _tPaid Leave -- _gVIII. _tArticle 11(1)(f) -- _g1. _tSafe and Healthy Working Conditions -- _g2. _tSafeguarding of the Function of Reproduction -- _g3. _tSexual Violence in the Work Environment -- _gIX. _tArticle 11(2) -- _gX. _tArticle 11(2)(a) -- _g1. _tProhibition of Dismissal -- _g2. _tDiscrimination in Conditions of Employment and in Acceptance to Employment -- _gXI. _tArticle 11(2)(b) -- _g1. _tRight to Leave -- _g2. _tWith Pay or Comparable Social Benefits -- _g3. _tProtection of Employment Status -- _gXII. _tArticle 11(2)(c) -- _g1. _tAffordable and Accessible Child Care Facilities -- _g2. _tEncourage or Provide -- _gXIII. _tArticle 11(2)(d) -- _gXIV. _tArticle 11(3) -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal and Substantive Equality -- _gII. _tDirect and Indirect Discrimination -- _gIII. _tElimination of Structural Discrimination Including Gender Stereotyping -- _gIV. _tTransformative Equality -- _gV. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of the Prohibition of Discrimination -- _g1. _tAll Appropriate Measures', Including the Need for Application of TSMs -- _g2. _tImmediate or Gradual Implementation -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _gIII. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tHealth and its Sex and Gender Dimensions -- _gII. _tThe Field of Health Care -- _gIII. _tAccess to Health Care Services -- _gIV. _tReproductive and Sexual Health Services -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal Equality -- _gII. _tSubstantive Equality -- _gIII. _tTransformative Equality -- _gIV. _tDirect vs Indirect Discrimination -- _gV. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gVI. _tTemporary Special Measures (TSMs) -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of the obligations -- _g1. _tAll Appropriate Measures' -- _g2. _tImmediate vs Gradual Implementation -- _g3. _tSpecific/Non-specific -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _g3. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _gIII. _tReservations -- _gF. _tConclusion -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tChapeau -- _g1. _t`To Eliminate Discrimination' ... in Order to Ensure ... the Same Rights' -- _g2. _t`In Other Areas of Economic and Social Life' -- _ga). _tEconomic and Social Rights not Protected by other CEDAW Provisions -- _gb). _tCivil and Political Rights Necessary for Participating in Economic and Social Life 340 -- _gc). _tAccess to Resources and Opportunities in Social and Economic Life -- _gd). _tConclusion: Scope of Application of the Chapeau -- _taa) Right to Self-employed Economic Activities -- _tbb) Right to Food -- _tcc) Right to Adequate Housing -- _tdd) Right to an Adequate Standard of Living -- _tee) Right to Water -- _tif) Right to Sanitation
505	0	0	_aNote continued: _tgg) Tax Laws -- _thh) Right to Participate in Social Life -- _tii) Right to Communication in Economic and Social Life' -- _gII. _tArticle 13(a): The Equal Right to Family Benefits -- _g1. _tConcepts -- _g2. _tEquality in Context -- _gIII. _tArticle 13(b): The Equal Right to Bank Loans, Mortgages, and Other Forms of Financial Credit -- _g1. _tConcepts -- _g2. _tEquality in Context -- _gIV. _tArticle 13(c): The Equal Right to Participate in Recreational Activities, Sports, and all Aspects of Cultural Life -- _g1. _tConcepts -- _g2. _tEquality in Context -- _gD. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of the Obligation -- _gII. _tImplementation -- Respect, Protect, and Fulfil -- _gIII. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tWho is a Rural Woman? -- _gII. _tRural Women: From Development to Rights -- _gIII. _tRural Women within UN Structures -- _gB. _tTravaux Priparatoires -- _gI. _tOther Issues Discussed and Amendments Made -- _g1. _tCoverage -- _g2. _tEquality -- _g3. _tHealth and Family Planning -- _g4. _tEducation -- _g5. _tSelf-help Groups and Cooperatives -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tArticle, 14(1) -- _g1. _tSignificant Roles Which Rural Women Play in the Economic Survival of their Families -- _gII. _tArticle 14(2) -- _g1. _tParticipation -- _g2. _tArticle 14(2)(a) -- _g3. _tArticle 14(2)(b) -- _g4. _tAccessing Information -- _g5. _tArticle 14(2)(c) -- _g6. _tArticle 14(2)(d) -- _g7. _tArticle 14(2)(e) -- _g8. _tArticle 14(2)(f) -- _g9. _tArticle 14(2)(g) -- _ga). _tAppropriate Technology -- _gb). _tEqual Treatment in Land -- _gc). _tLand Reform and Resettlement -- _g10. _tArticle 14(2)(h) -- _ga). _tHousing -- _gb). _tWater -- _gc). _tElectricity, Communication, and Transport -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal Equality -- _gII. _tSubstantive Equality -- _gIII. _tTransformative Equality -- _gIV. _tDirect Discrimination -- _gV. _tIndirect Discrimination -- _gVI. _tIntersectionality -- _gVII. _tTemporary Special Measures (TSMs) -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tObligation to Respect -- _gII. _tObligation to Protect -- _gIII. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _gF. _tReservations -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gI. _tArticle 15(1) -- _gII. _tArticle 15(2) -- _gIII. _tArticle 15(3) -- _gIV. _tArticle 15(4) -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tArticle 15(1) -- _g1. _tEquality and Administration of Criminal Justice -- _gII. _tArticle 15(2) -- _g1. _tIdentical Legal Capacity -- _g2. _tEquality in Contractual and Property Transactions -- _g3. _tEquality in Access to Procedures in Civil Courts and Tribunals -- _gIII. _tArticle 15(3) -- _gIV. _tArticle 15(4) -- _gD. _tEquality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal Equality -- _gII. _tSubstantive Equality -- _gIII. _tTransformative Equality Including Elimination of Structural Obstacles and Gender Stereotyping -- _gIV. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gE. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of the obligation -- _gII. _tImplementation -- _gIII. _tReservations -- _gF. _tConclusion -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gI. _tPreliminary History -- _gII. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gIII. _tGeneral Recommendation 21 -- _gB. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tChapeau -- _g1. _tAll Appropriate Measures... and in Particular' -- _g2. _tThe `Same Rights and Responsibilities' -- _g3. _t`Marriage and Family Relations' -- _g4. _tDe Facto Relationships -- _g5. _tUnregistered Marriages as De Facto Unions -- _g6. _g7. _tEquality in the Family and Multiple Legal Systems -- _gII. _tArticle 16(1) -- _g1. _tArticle 16(1)(a) The Same Right to Enter into Marriage -- _g2. _tArticle 16(1)(b) The Same Right Freely to Choose a Spouse and to Enter into Marriage only with their Free and Full Consent -- _ga). _tArranged Marriage and Forced Marriage -- _g3. _tArticle 16(1)(c) The Same Rights and Responsibilities During Marriage and at its Dissolution -- _ga). _tDuring Marriage -- _gb). _tDissolution of Marriage -- _taa) Grounds for Divorce -- _tbb) Process and Procedure -- _g4. _tArticle 16(1)(d) The Same Rights and Responsibilities as Parents, Irrespective of their Marital Status, in Matters Relating to their Children; in all Cases the Interests of the Children Shall Be Paramount -- _ga). _tChild Custody in Divorce: In all Such Cases, the Interest of the Children Shall Be Paramount -- _gb). _tChildren Born Out of Wedlock -- _g5. _tArticle 16(1)(e) The Same Rights to Decide Freely and -- _tResponsibly on the Number and Spacing of their Children and to Have Access to the Information, Education, and Means to Enable them to Exercise these Rights -- _g6. _tArticle 16(1)(f) The Same Rights and Responsibilities -- _tWith Regard to Guardianship, Wardship, Trusteeship, and Adoption of Children, or Similar Institutions Where these Concepts Exist in National Legislation; in all Cases the Interests of the Children Shall Be Paramount -- _g7. _tArticle 16(1)(g) The Same Personal Rights as Husband and Wife, Including the Right to Choose a Family Name, a Profession, and an Occupation -- _ga). _tRight to Choose a Family Name -- _gb). _tRight to Choose a Profession and an Occupation -- _g8. _tArticle 16(1)(h) The Same Rights for Both Spouses in Respect of the Ownership, Acquisition, Management, Administration, Enjoyment, and Disposition of Property, Whether Free of Charge or for a Valuable Consideration -- _ga). _tAcquisition and Ownership, Management, and Administration During the Marriage -- _gb). _tDivision of Property upon Dissolution of Marriage or De Facto Relationship -- _gc). _tInheritance -- _gIII. _tArticle 16(2) -- _g1. _tDefinition: `a Child' -- _g2. _tBetrothal and Marriage of a Child -- _g3. _tShall Have No Legal Effect -- _g4. _tMinimum Age for Marriage -- _g5. _tMarriage Registration -- _gIV. _tEquality in Context -- _g1. _tFormal Equality -- _g2. _tSubstantive and Transformative Equality -- _gC. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tImplementation -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _g3. _tObligation to Fulfil -- _gII. _tReservations -- _g1. _tWithdrawal of Reservations -- _g2. _tReservations and the Optional Protocol -- _tViolence Against Women -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tGeneral Recommendation 19 -- _g1. _tBackground to General Recommendation 19 -- _gII. _tGeneral Recommendation 19 -- _gIII. _tSubsequent International Instruments -- _gC. _tViolence against Women: Interpretive Issues -- _gI. _tViolence against Women within an Equality Paradigm -- _gII. _tDefinition of Gender-based Violence against Women -- _gD. _tGender-Based Violence against Women: Sites and Forms -- _gI. _tIntroduction -- _gII. _tViolence in the Family -- _gIII. _tViolence Occurring in the Community -- _g1. _tPhysical Violence in the Community -- _g2. _tExploitation -- _g3. _tHarmful Practices -- _g4. _tWorkplace Violence -- _gIV. _tViolence Condoned or Perpetrated by the State -- _gV. _tViolence in Armed Conflict -- _gE. _tViolence against Women: Equality in Context -- _gI. _tFormal, Substantive, and Transformative Equality -- _gII. _tIntersectional Discrimination -- _gF. _tStates Parties' Obligations -- _gI. _tNature of States Parties' Obligations -- _g1. _tAppropriate and Effective Measures -- _g2. _tDuty of Due Diligence -- _g3. _tThe Standard of Due Diligence -- _gII. _tImplementation of States Parties' Obligations -- _g1. _tObligation to Respect -- _g2. _tObligation to Protect -- _g3. _tObligation to Promote and Fulfil -- _gG. _tConclusions -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Prdparatoires -- _gC. _tInternal Organization and Engagement with Other Entities -- _gI. _tSubsidiary Bodies -- _gII. _tInteraction with Other Entities in the UN System -- _gIII. _tThe Committee and Treaty Body Reform -- _gD. _tCommittee Practice -- _gI. _tArticle 17(1) -- _gII. _tArticle 17(2) -- _gIII. _tPractice and Developments relating to Article 17(3) and (4) -- _gIV. _tArticle 17(5) -- _gV. _tArticle 17(6) and 17(7) -- _gVI. _tArticle 17(8) -- _gVII. _tArticle 17(9) -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tCommittee Practice -- _gI. _tThe Obligation to Submit Country Reports -- _g1. _tEncouraging the Submission of Reports -- Avoiding Duplication in Reporting -- _g2. _tAllowing Combined Reports -- _g3. _tPersuading States Parties to Submit Reports -- _gII. _tReporting Requirements -- _g1. _tForm and Contents of Reports -- _g2. _tNGOs and their Involvement in the Preparation of States Parties' Reports -- _gIII. _tThe Committee's Role -- _g1. _tPreparing for the Dialogue with States Parties -- _g2. _tThe Constructive Dialogue -- _gIV. _tPeriodic Reporting Requirements and Committee Review -- _g1. _tConcluding Observations -- _g2. _tFormat of the Concluding Observations -- _g3. _tProcedure for Adopting Concluding Observations -- _g4. _tFollow-up to Concluding Observations -- _gV. _tThe Role of Other Entities -- _g1. _tInformation from National Human Rights Institutions -- _g2. _tInformation from Non-Governmental Organizations -- _g3. _tRole of the Secretariat -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tCommittee Practice -- _gI. _tArticle 19(1) -- _gII. _tArticle 19(2) -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tCommittee Practice -- _gI. _t`The Committee shall normally meet for a period of not more than two weeks annually...' -- _gII. _t... in order to consider the reports submitted in accordance with article 18 of the present Convention -- _gIII. _t`The meetings of the Committee shall normally be held at United Nations Headquarters or at any other convenient place as determined by the Committee' -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tCommittee Practice -- _gI. _tArticle 21(1) -- _gI. _tAssessing States Parties' Reports -- _g2. _tGeneral Recommendations -- _g3. _tStatements -- _gII. _tArticle 21(2) -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tCommittee Practice -- _tArticle ([0-9]+)
505	0	0	_aNote continued: _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Priparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tNothing in the Present Convention Shall Affect Any -- _tProvisions that Are More Conducive to the Achievement of Equality Between Men and Women Which May Be Contained -- _g1. _t(a) In the Legislation of a State Party; or -- _g2. _t(b) In Any Other International Convention, Treaty or Agreement in Force for that State -- _gII. _tOther International Law -- _gD. _tInterpretation by the Committee -- General Approach -- _gE. _tReservations, Declarations, and Understandings -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tUndertake to Adopt -- _gII. _tAll Necessary Measures -- _gIII. _tAt the National Level -- _gIV. _tAimed at Achieving the Full Realization -- _gV. _tOf the Rights Recognized in the Present Convention -- _gD. _tInterpretation by the Committee -- General Approach -- _gI. _tParliaments/Legislatures -- _gII. _tNational Human Rights Institutions -- _gE. _tReservations, Declarations, and Understandings -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tPractice of States Parties -- _gD. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tArticle 25(1) -- _g1. _tCrown Dependencies and Overseas Territories; Former Colonies -- _ga). _tUnited Kingdom -- _gb). _tThe Netherlands -- _gc). _tNew Zealand -- _gd). _tHong Kong -- _g2. _tDe Facto Regimes, Non-State Subjects of International Law, and Municipalities -- _ga). _tDe Facto Regimes, Including Taiwan -- _gb). _tHoly See -- _gc). _tSao Paulo State, Brazil -- _gd). _tSan Francisco, California, USA -- _gII. _tArticle 25(2) -- _gIII. _tArticle 25(3) -- _gIV. _tArticle 25(4) -- _gV. _tAbsence of a Withdrawal Clause -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Prearatoires -- _gC. _tPractice of States Parties -- _gD. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tArticle 26(1) -- _gII. _tArticle 26(2) -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Priparatoires -- _gC. _tPractice of States Parties -- _gD. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tArticle 27(1) -- _gII. _tArticle 27(2) -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tReservations to the Convention -- _gI. _tGeneral reservations -- _gII. _tArticles 1 to 5 -- _gIII. _tArticles 7-9 -- _gIV. _tArticles 11-14 -- _gV. _tArticles 15-16 -- _gD. _tActivity to Address Reservations to the Convention -- _gI. _tObjections by States Parties -- _gII. _tMeeting of States Parties -- _gIII. _tThe Work of the Committee -- _gE. _tRemoval and Modification of Reservations -- _gF. _tConclusion -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Preparatoires -- _gC. _tPractice of States Parties -- _gD. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _gI. _tArticle 29(1) -- _gII. _tArticle 29(2) -- _gIII. _tArticle 29(3) -- _tArticle ([0-9]+) -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tTravaux Priparatoires -- _gC. _tPractice of the Secretary-General -- _gD. _tIssues of Interpretation -- _tOptional Protocol -- _gA. _tIntroduction -- _gB. _tBackground -- _gI. _tNegotiations of the Convention -- _gII. _tThe Campaign for Further Monitoring Procedures -- _gIII. _tThe Drafting Process in the CSW -- _gIV. _tThe Work of the Committee under the Optional Protocol -- _gC. _tCommentary -- _gI. _tThe Preamble -- _gII. _tArticle 1 -- _gIII. _tArticle 2 -- _g1. _tIndividuals or Groups of Individuals -- _g2. _tVictims of a Violation -- _g3. _tUnder the Jurisdiction of the State Party -- _g4. _tThe Rights Set Forth in the Convention -- _gIV. _tArticle 3 -- _gV. _tArticle 4 -- _g1. _tAll Available Domestic Remedies Have Been Exhausted -- _tUnless the Application of Such Remedies is Unreasonably Prolonged or Unlikely to Bring Effective Relief -- _g2. _tThe Same Matter -- _g3. _tIncompatible -- _g4. _tManifestly Ill-founded or Not Sufficiently Substantiated -- _g5. _tAbuse of the Right to Submit a Communication -- _g6. _tThe Facts... Occurred Prior to the Entry into Force of the Protocol for the State Party Concerned, Unless those Facts Continued after that Date -- _gVI. _tArticle 5 -- _gVII. _tArticle 6 -- _gVIII. _tArticle 7 -- _g1. _tConsideration of Communications and its Outcome -- _g2. _tFollow-up Procedure -- _gIX. _tArticle 8 -- _gX. _tArticle 9 -- _gXI. _tArticle 10 -- _gXII. _tArticle 11 -- _gXIII. _tArticle 12 -- _gXIV. _tArticle 13 -- _gXV. _tArticle 14 -- _gXVI. _tArticle 15 -- _gXVII. _tArticle 16 -- _gXVIII. _tArticle 17 -- _gXIX. _tArticle 18 -- _gXX. _tArticle 19 -- _gXXI. _tArticle 20 -- _gXXII. _tArticle 21 -- _gAnnexe 1 _tTable of General Recommendations -- _gAnnexe 2 _tTable of Treaties -- _gAnnexe 3 _tBibliography.
610	2	0	_aUnited Nations. _bCommittee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.
610	2	7	_aUnited Nations. _bCommittee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. _2fast
630	0	0	_aConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women _d(1979 December 18)
630	0	0	_aConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women _d(1979 December 18). _kProtocols, etc. _d(1999 December 10)
630	0	7	_aConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979 December 18) _2fast
650		0	_aWomen's rights.
650		7	_aWomen's rights. _2fast
650		7	_aDiscrimination à l'égard des femmes _xDroit.
650		7	_aFemmes _xDroit international.
650		7	_aFemmes _xDroits.
650		7	_aDiscrimination sexuelle.
650		7	_aSexisme.
700	1		_aFreeman, Marsha A., _eeditor.
700	1		_aChinkin, C. M., _eeditor.
700	1		_aRudolf, Beate, _eeditor.
942			_2lcc _cBOOK