Evolving approaches to jihad : from self-defense to revolutionary and regime-change political violence / M. Cherif Bassiouni -- Jihad and the interpretation of the Quran : contextualising Islamic tradition / Mohammad Hashim Kamali -- Understanding the discourses on jihad in Islam through classical and modern narratives / Amna Guellali -- The pitfalls of jihad as an individual duty (fard ʻayn) / Nelly Lahoud -- Resurrecting siyar through fatwas? : (re)constructing Islamic international law in a post (Iraq) invasion world / Shaheen Sardar Ali -- The challenge of fragmentation of international humanitarian law regarding the protection of civilians : an Islamic perpective / Anicée Van Engeland-Nourai -- Jus in bello : civilians' fundamental rights under Islamic and public international law / Hilmi M. Zawati -- Does the impact of jihad ideology and action require a transformation in the legal rules on targeting? / William J. Fenrick -- Self-defence arguments in the jihad concept and their counterparts in Western international law / Kinga Tibori Szabó -- Jihad and counter-jihad : Western European legal responses to Islamic militancy / Maurits Berger -- Why continue counterterrorism policies if they are hurting? / Bob de Graaff.